Rabbit Anti-Histone H3 Polyclonal Antibody #abs130594

abs130594-50ug

1-2 Weeks

201

abs130594-100ug

1-2 Weeks

301

Description

The core component of the nucleosome consists of histones, which play a crucial role in the compaction and packaging of DNA into chromatin. By limiting DNA accessibility, histones regulate important cellular processes such as transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication, and chromosomal stability. The regulation of DNA accessibility is achieved through a complex interplay of post-translational histone modifications known as the histone code, as well as nucleosome remodeling. A nucleosome is composed of an octamer of histones, which includes two H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 molecules. These histones assemble to form one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers, creating a structure that helps to regulate DNA accessibility and maintain the stability of the chromosome.

Other names

Histone H3 is a protein that plays a crucial role in DNA packaging within the cell nucleus. It belongs to the H3 histone family and has several isoforms, including H3.1, H3.2, and H3.3. These isoforms, such as H3/A, H3/b, H3/c, and others, are encoded by different genes within the H3 histone family.
Histone H3 proteins are responsible for forming the core of nucleosomes, which are the basic units of chromatin structure. Chromatin is the complex of DNA and histone proteins that make up the chromosomes. The H3 histone family consists of various members, including H3FA, HIST1H3B, HIST1H3C, HIST1H3D, HIST1H3E, and many more.
The H3 histone family members perform similar functions but may have distinct roles in gene regulation and other cellular processes. For instance, H3.3A and H3.3B are variants of H3.3 that have been implicated in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. H3F3A and H3F3B are the genes that encode these variants.
Other members of the H3 histone family, such as H3AA, H3AB, H3AC, and H3AD, are involved in chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modifications that influence gene expression. These proteins have been extensively studied and are known to play critical roles in various biological processes.
In summary, the H3 histone family is a group of proteins that are vital for DNA packaging and gene regulation. The different isoforms and variants within this family contribute to the complexity and diversity of chromatin structure and function. Understanding the roles of these histone proteins is essential for unraveling the mechanisms underlying gene expression and cellular processes.

Source

Rabbit

Specificity

Histone H3 Antibody detects endogenous levels of Histone H3.

Species Reactivity

Human;Mouse;Rat

Application

WB 1:500-1:2000, IF/ICC 1:100-1:500, ELISA(peptide) 1:20000-1:40000

Immunogen

A synthesized peptide derived from human Histone H3.

Properties

Concentration

1mg/ml

Purification

The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin.

Clonality

Polyclonal Antibody

Stability & Storage

Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles

Storage buffer

Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.Store at -20 °C.Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

Target

Background

Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

Tissue specificity

Expressed during S phase, then expression strongly decreases as cell division slows down during the process of differentiation.

Posttranslational modification

Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on Lys-10 (H3K9ac) impairs methylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s). Acetylation on Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me). Acetylation at Lys-123 (H3K122ac) by EP300/p300 plays a central role in chromatin structure: localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability.Citrullination at Arg-9 (H3R8ci) and/or Arg-18 (H3R17ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation and represses transcription.Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me2a) by CARM1 is linked to gene activation. Symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s) by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression. Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-3 (H3R2me2a) by PRMT6 is linked to gene repression and is mutually exclusive with H3 Lys-5 methylation (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). H3R2me2a is present at the 3' of genes regardless of their transcription state and is enriched on inactive promoters, while it is absent on active promoters.Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me), Lys-37 (H3K36me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) are linked to gene activation. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-80 (H3K79me) is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses and is a specific target for TP53BP1. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are linked to gene repression. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) and prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at 'Lys-120'. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin. Monomethylation at Lys-57 (H3K56me1) by EHMT2/G9A in G1 phase promotes interaction with PCNA and is required for DNA replication.Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by GSG2/haspin during prophase and dephosphorylated during anaphase. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. In addition phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph), which is linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) but facilitates acetylation of H3 and H4. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) from heterochromatin. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation. Phosphorylated at Ser-29 (H3S28ph) by MAP3K20 isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-7 (H3T6ph) by PRKCB is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. At centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) from prophase to early anaphase, by DAPK3 and PKN1. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by PKN1 is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me) by KDM4C/JMJD2C. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by chromatin-associated CHEK1 regulates the transcription of cell cycle regulatory genes by modulating acetylation of Lys-10 (H3K9ac). Phosphorylation at Tyr-42 (H3Y41ph) by JAK2 promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin.Monoubiquitinated by RAG1 in lymphoid cells, monoubiquitination is required for V(D)J recombination (By similarity). Ubiquitinated by the CUL4-DDB-RBX1 complex in response to ultraviolet irradiation. This may weaken the interaction between histones and DNA and facilitate DNA accessibility to repair proteins.Lysine deamination at Lys-5 (H3K4all) to form allysine is mediated by LOXL2. Allysine formation by LOXL2 only takes place on H3K4me3 and results in gene repression (PubMed:22483618).Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes.

Celluar localization

Extracellular region or secreted;Nucleus;

UniPort

P68431/Q71DI3/P84243