Rabbit Anti-MAPK1 Polyclonal Antibody#abs135552

abs135552-100ug

1-2 Weeks

301.0

abs135552-50ug

1-2 Weeks

201.0

catalog

Description

MAPKs, or mitogen-activated protein kinases, are a well-known family of serine/threonine protein kinases that play a critical role in various cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. The p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) signaling pathway is activated in response to a wide range of extracellular signals including cytokines, growth factors, and mitogens (1-3) and is involved in cancer diagnosis and treatment (4). The pathway begins with the activation of a three-part protein kinase cascade, consisting of a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK or MAP2K), and a MAP kinase (MAPK). Several p44/42 MAP3Ks are known, including members of the Raf family, Mos, and Tpl2/Cot. MEK1 and MEK2 are the primary MAPKKs that activate p44 and p42 via phosphorylation of activation loop residues Thr202/Tyr204 and Thr185/Tyr187, respectively (5,6). Notably, p44/42 MAPKs phosphorylate various downstream targets such as the transcription factor Elk-1 (8, 9) and p90RSK (7). In addition, p44/42 activity is negatively regulated by a family of dual-specificity (Thr/Tyr) MAPK phosphatases, also called DUSPs or MKPs (10), as well as MEK inhibitors like PD98059 and U0126.

Concentration

1mg/ml

Target

Background

Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC); as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. The substrates include transcription factors (such as ATF2, BCL6, ELK1, ERF, FOS, HSF4 or SPZ1), cytoskeletal elements (such as CANX, CTTN, GJA1, MAP2, MAPT, PXN, SORBS3 or STMN1), regulators of apoptosis (such as BAD, BTG2, CASP9, DAPK1, IER3, MCL1 or PPARG), regulators of translation (such as EIF4EBP1) and a variety of other signaling-related molecules (like ARHGEF2, DCC, FRS2 or GRB10). Protein kinases (such as RAF1, RPS6KA1/RSK1, RPS6KA3/RSK2, RPS6KA2/RSK3, RPS6KA6/RSK4, SYK, MKNK1/MNK1, MKNK2/MNK2, RPS6KA5/MSK1, RPS6KA4/MSK2, MAPKAPK3 or MAPKAPK5) and phosphatases (such as DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP6 or DUSP16) are other substrates which enable the propagation the MAPK/ERK signal to additional cytosolic and nuclear targets, thereby extending the specificity of the cascade. Mediates phosphorylation of TPR in respons to EGF stimulation. May play a role in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Phosphorylates PML and promotes its interaction with PIN1, leading to PML degradation. Phosphorylates CDK2AP2 (By similarity).