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Rabbit Anti-ATR Polyclonal Antibody#abs133010

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Description

Catalog-specification	Delivery time	USD price
abs133010-50ug	1-2 Weeks	201.0
abs133010-100ug	1-2 Weeks	301.0

Overview
catalog	abs133010
Description	This protein kinase is responsible for activating checkpoint signaling when the cell faces genotoxic stresses like ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, or DNA replication issues. It serves as a sensor for DNA damage. Its target consensus sequence is [ST]-Q. It phosphorylates several proteins including BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1, and p53/TP53. Collectively, these phosphorylation events inhibit DNA replication and mitosis while promoting DNA repair, recombination, and apoptosis. Additionally, it modifies histone variant H2AX/H2AFX by phosphorylating it at 'Ser-139' at DNA damage sites, thereby regulating the DNA damage response mechanism. It is also involved in FANCD2 ubiquitination and plays a critical role in the stability of fragile sites and the regulation of centrosome duplication.
Other names	Serine/threonine protein kinase ATR, also known as ATR or ATR_HUMAN, is a crucial protein involved in the regulation and maintenance of genomic stability. It is encoded by the gene Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) and belongs to the FRAP-related protein 1 family. ATR plays a significant role in cellular responses to DNA damage and replication stress. The ATR protein functions as a checkpoint kinase, monitoring the integrity of the genome during DNA replication and repair. It is essential for activating signaling pathways that halt cell cycle progression and promote DNA repair. ATR achieves this by phosphorylating downstream targets involved in DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints, and apoptosis. In addition to its role in DNA damage response, ATR is also implicated in various cellular processes, including chromatin remodeling, telomere maintenance, and mitotic progression. It acts as a key regulator in coordinating these processes for proper cell functioning. Mutations in the ATR gene have been associated with Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related syndrome (ATR syndrome), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neurological abnormalities, immunodeficiency, and an increased risk of cancer. The loss of ATR function in ATR syndrome leads to genomic instability and impaired DNA damage response, highlighting the critical role of ATR in maintaining genome integrity. Understanding the mechanisms and functions of ATR has important implications in cancer therapy and treatment strategies. ATR inhibitors have shown promise as potential targeted therapies for cancer treatment, as they sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents, making them more susceptible to cell death. In conclusion, ATR is a vital protein involved in the surveillance and maintenance of genome stability. Its multifaceted role in DNA damage response and cellular processes highlights its significance in cellular homeostasis and disease pathology. Further research into the mechanisms and functions of ATR holds promise for developing novel therapeutic interventions in various diseases, particularly cancer.
Source	Rabbit
Specificity	The ATR antibody is capable of identifying the natural levels of total ATR within the body. To reiterate, this antibody specifically detects endogenous ATR.
Species Reactivity	Human
Antigen	ATR
Application	The dilution range for Western blot is 1:500-1:2000, for immunohistochemistry it is 1:50-1:200, and for ELISA using a peptide, it is 1:20000-1:40000. Please note that the purpose of this exercise is to generate highly similar content by rearranging the provided information, without using ChapGPT to generate different text.
Immunogen	A synthesized peptide.
MW	300 kDa
Properties
Concentration	1mg/ml
purification	The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin .
Clonality	Polyclonal Antibody
Stability & Storage	Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles
Storage buffer	Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
Target
Background	Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Required for FANCD2 ubiquitination. Critical for maintenance of fragile site stability and efficient regulation of centrosome duplication.
Tissue specificity	Ubiquitous, with highest expression in testis. Isoform 2 is found in pancreas, placenta and liver but not in heart, testis and ovary.
Posttranslational modification	Phosphorylated; autophosphorylates in vitro.
Celluar localization	Golgi apparatus;Nucleus;
UniPort	Q13535