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Rabbit Anti-TLR4 Polyclonal Antibody#abs132000

Description

Catalog-specification	Delivery time	USD price
abs132000-50ug	1-2 Weeks	201
abs132000-100ug	1-2 Weeks	301

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Overview
Description	Toll like receptors (TLR) play a vital role in the innate defense against various pathogens and are highly conserved throughout evolution. In Drosophila, Toll is primarily involved in the anti-fungal response, while the related protein 18 wheeler is responsible for the antibacterial defenses. In mammals, TLR is a type I transmembrane signaling receptor with pattern recognition capabilities, which makes it an important component of the innate host defense to pathogens. Of all the TLRs, TLR4, in conjunction with MD2 and CD14, holds a central position as a receptor that recognizes and responds to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria.
Other names	Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), also known as ARMD10, CD284, CD284 antigen, hToll, or homolog of Drosophila toll, is an important protein involved in the immune response. TLR4 plays a crucial role in recognizing and responding to pathogens, particularly gram-negative bacteria. It is a transmembrane protein that is expressed on the surface of immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. The TLR4 protein is encoded by the TLR4 gene and is highly conserved across species. In humans, it is encoded by the TLR4_HUMAN gene. TLR4 is a member of the Toll-like receptor family, which plays a key role in innate immune responses. These receptors are responsible for detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activating the immune system to eliminate the invading pathogens. TLR4 recognizes specific molecules found on the surface of gram-negative bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Upon binding to its ligands, TLR4 triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of the adaptive immune response. This immune response helps to eliminate the invading pathogens and promote tissue repair. Studies have shown that TLR4 is involved in various aspects of immune regulation and host defense. Mutations or dysregulation of TLR4 have been associated with increased susceptibility to infections, chronic inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Additionally, TLR4 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including sepsis, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Understanding the function and regulation of TLR4 is of great importance in the field of immunology. Researchers are constantly working to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying TLR4 signaling and to develop therapeutic strategies targeting TLR4 for the treatment of immune-related diseases. By unraveling the intricacies of TLR4, we can better comprehend the complex interactions between the immune system and pathogens, leading to the development of more effective treatments and vaccines.
Source	Rabbit
Specificity	The total TLR4 levels in the body can be detected using TLR4 antibody, which specifically recognizes the endogenous TLR4 protein. By utilizing this antibody, researchers can accurately measure the expression levels of TLR4 and gain insights into its role in various biological processes. This detection method provides valuable information about TLR4 and its potential involvement in immune responses and disease progression. Utilizing TLR4 antibody allows for the precise assessment of total TLR4 levels, enabling further investigations into its function and therapeutic applications.
Species Reactivity	Human;Mouse;Rat
Antigen	TLR4
Application	The recommended dilutions for western blotting range from 1:500 to 1:2000. For immunohistochemistry, dilutions of 1:50 to 1:200 are suitable. When performing immunofluorescence, dilutions of 1:100 to 1:500 should be used. Finally, for ELISA using peptide antigens, dilutions of 1:20000 to 1:40000 are recommended.
Immunogen	A synthesized peptide derived from human TLR4.
MW	100kDa
Properties
Concentration	1mg/ml
purification	We employed SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin for peptide affinity chromatography to purify the antiserum. Please provide an alternative version of the given information by reorganizing the content. The generated content should be based on the original text information but delivered in a substantially different manner.
Clonality	Polyclonal Antibody
Stability & Storage	The recommended storage condition for one year is at -20 °C. It is important to avoid subjecting the stored items to repeated freeze/thaw cycles during this period.
Storage buffer	The storage conditions for Rabbit IgG include keeping it in phosphate buffered saline at a pH of 7.4 with 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide, and 50% glycerol. It is recommended to store it at a temperature of -20 °C, and it should remain stable for up to 12 months from the date of receipt.
Target
Background	Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed:9237759, PubMed:10835634). Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate, and Ni2+. Responses triggered by Ni2+ require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific (PubMed:20711192). Both M.tuberculosis HSP70 (dnaK) and HSP65 (groEL-2) act via this protein to stimulate NF-kappa-B expression (PubMed:15809303). In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding to CD36. This event induces the formation of a heterodimer of TLR4 and TLR6, which is rapidly internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to the NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion. Binds electronegative LDL (LDL-) and mediates the cytokine release induced by LDL- (PubMed:23880187). Stimulation of monocytes in vitro with M.tuberculosis PstS1 induces p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation primarily via TLR2, but also partially via this receptor (PubMed:16622205).
Tissue specificity	Highly expressed in placenta, spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes. Detected in monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and several types of T-cells.
Posttranslational modification	N-glycosylated. Glycosylation of Asn-526 and Asn-575 seems to be necessary for the expression of TLR4 on the cell surface and the LPS-response. Likewise, mutants lacking two or more of the other N-glycosylation sites were deficient in interaction with LPS.
Celluar localization	Endosome;Plasma Membrane;
UniPort	O00206