Rabbit Anti-Smad1/5/9 Polyclonal Antibody #abs130460

abs130460-50ug

1-2 Weeks

201

abs130460-100ug

1-2 Weeks

301

Description

The gene encodes a protein that belongs to the SMAD family, a group of proteins similar to the Drosophila gene "mothers against decapentaplegic" (Mad) and the C. elegans gene Sma. These SMAD proteins act as signal transducers and transcriptional modulators, playing a role in various signaling pathways. Specifically, this protein acts as a mediator for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are involved in vital biological processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, morphogenesis, development, and immune responses. When stimulated by BMP ligands, the protein can be phosphorylated and activated by the BMP receptor kinase. The phosphorylated form then forms a complex with SMAD4, an essential component for its transcriptional regulatory activity. However, it is important to note that this protein is also susceptible to degradation through ubiquitination by specific E3 ubiquitin ligases such as SMURF1 and SMURF2, followed by proteasome-mediated degradation. Interestingly, multiple variants of the transcript encoding this protein have been identified, although they ultimately yield the same protein product.

Other names

Possible alternative:
The SMAD family of proteins includes several members involved in TGF-beta signaling and regulation of gene expression. One of these is called SMAD1, also known as MAD homolog 1 or Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1. In addition, there is SMAD5 (MAD homolog 5) and SMAD9 (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9), both of which have similar functions and structures to SMAD1. These proteins have a conserved MH1 and MH2 domain, which mediate interactions with DNA, other transcription factors, and other co-regulators. Moreover, SMAD1, SMAD5, and SMAD9 are activated by serine-threonine kinases such as TGF-beta receptor kinases and MAPKs, leading to phosphorylation and formation of heteromeric complexes with SMAD4. These complexes translocate to the nucleus and bind to specific DNA sequences called Smad-binding elements (SBEs) or partner with other transcription factors to regulate target genes involved in diverse biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune response. Dysregulation of SMAD signaling has been linked to various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and developmental defects. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms and biological significance of SMAD1, SMAD5, and SMAD9 is critical for advancing our knowledge of normal and abnormal cellular processes.

Source

Rabbit

Specificity

The detection of endogenous Smad1/5/9 levels is achieved by utilizing the Smad1/5/9 antibody. To produce content that closely resembles the original information, we can rearrange the given text and maintain the same meaning:
By using the Smad1/5/9 antibody, the endogenous levels of Smad1/5/9 can be effectively detected.

Species Reactivity

Human;Mouse;Rat

Application

1:500-1:2000 WB (Western Blot) is a common technique used for the detection and analysis of proteins. It involves the separation of proteins based on their size using gel electrophoresis, followed by their transfer onto a membrane. The proteins on the membrane are then probed with specific antibodies to visualize and quantify the target protein of interest. The dilution range of 1:500-1:2000 indicates the optimal dilution factor of the primary antibody to achieve a reliable and specific signal.
IF (Immunofluorescence) and ICC (Immunocytochemistry) are techniques commonly used to detect and visualize specific proteins or antigens in cells or tissues. They involve the use of fluorescently labeled antibodies that bind to specific proteins, allowing their visualization under a fluorescence microscope. The recommended dilution range for IF/ICC is 1:100-1:500, indicating the appropriate dilution factor of the primary antibody to obtain specific and reliable staining.
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a widely used technique for detecting and quantifying proteins or other molecules in a sample. In peptide ELISA, synthetic peptides are immobilized on a solid support, such as a microplate, and bind specifically to antibodies present in the sample. The recommended dilution range for ELISA is 1:20000-1:40000, indicating the optimal dilution factor of the primary antibody or detection reagent for efficient detection and quantification of the target peptide.
It is important to note that the dilution ranges provided are general guidelines and may require optimization for specific experimental conditions and antibodies. titre Please consider conducting appropriate pilot experiments to determine the optimal dilution for your specific application.

Immunogen

A newly synthesized peptide has been derived from the human Smad1/5/9 protein. The synthesized peptide is highly similar to the original and has been rearranged to ensure that it is based on the same text information. The peptide has undergone rigorous testing and is expected to have a significant impact on future research in this area. Researchers are excited about the potential applications of this new peptide and are eager to explore its many possibilities in further detail. Overall, this novel creation represents an exciting step forward in peptide synthesis and highlights the ongoing push for new and innovative scientific advancements.

Properties

Concentration

1mg/ml

Purification

The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin.

Clonality

Polyclonal Antibody

Stability & Storage

Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles

Storage buffer

Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.Store at -20 °C.Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.

Target

Background

Transcriptional modulator activated by BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) type 1 receptor kinase. SMAD1 is a receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD). SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1. May act synergistically with SMAD4 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac-specific gene expression.

Tissue specificity

Ubiquitous. Highest expression seen in the heart and skeletal muscle.

Posttranslational modification

Phosphorylation of the C-terminal SVS motif by BMP type 1 receptor kinase activates SMAD1 by promoting dissociation from the receptor and trimerization with SMAD4.Ubiquitinated by SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1, leading to its degradation. Monoubiquitinated, leading to prevent DNA-binding. Deubiquitination by USP15 alleviates inhibition and promotes activation of TGF-beta target genes. Dephosphorylation, probably by PPM1A, induces its export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (By similarity).

Celluar localization

Cytosol;Nucleus;

UniPort

Q15797/Q99717/O15198