Rabbit Anti-Histone H3R2me2s Polyclonal Antibody#abs136471
Attention: The price mentioned above is provided for your reference only. For detailed pricing information, kindly reach out to our sales representative, Vecent. We encourage you to contact Vecent to obtain accurate pricing details. Western blot analysis of extracts of HeLa cellline and H3...
Description
| Catalog-specification | Delivery time | USD price |
abs136471-100ug | 1-2 Weeks | 301.0 |
abs136471-50ug | 1-2 Weeks | 201.0 |
Attention: The price mentioned above is provided for your reference only. For detailed pricing information, kindly reach out to our sales representative, Vecent. We encourage you to contact Vecent to obtain accurate pricing details.
| Overview | |
catalog | abs136471 |
Description | The regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes is heavily influenced by the modulation of chromatin structure. The nucleosome, consisting of eight core histone proteins (two each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) and the DNA it wraps around, is the basic unit of chromatin (1). Post-translational modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, and ubiquitination are commonly observed on the amino-terminal tails of core histones (2-5). These modifications, which occur in response to various cues, directly affect the accessibility of chromatin to transcription factors and influence gene expression (6). While acetylation of histone H2B is mostly observed at Lys5, 12, 15, and 20, histone H3 is primarily acetylated at Lys9, 14, 18, 23, 27, and 56 (4,7). Histone H3 acetylation at Lys9 appears to be particularly significant for histone deposition and chromatin assembly in some organisms (2,3). In addition, phosphorylation at Ser10, Ser28, and Thr11 of histone H3 is strongly correlated with chromosome condensation in mitosis and meiosis (8-10). Phosphorylation at Thr3 of histone H3 is highly conserved and catalyzed by the kinase haspin in many species. In mammalian cells, immunostaining with phospho-specific antibodies reveals that histone H3 is phosphorylated at Thr3 during prophase and dephosphorylated during anaphase (11). |
| Other names | H3.3A, HIST1 cluster, represents a family of histone proteins known as H3 histones. In this cluster, H3E is another member, along with H3.1, H3/l, H3F3, H3FF, H3FJ, H3FL, and other related genes. These genes are involved in the regulation of gene expression and play essential roles in DNA packaging within the cell nucleus. Histone H3.1t and Histone H3/o are variants of the H3 histone family, while FLJ92264 is a gene with unknown function. H3 is a shorthand notation used to represent any member of the H3 histone family, including H3 histone family members B, C, D, F, H, I, J, K, L, and T. The H3 histone family is also referred to as H3 histone, family 3A. It encompasses various members such as H3/A, H3/b, H3/c, H3/d, H3/f, H3/h, H3/i, H3/j, H3/k, and H3/t. These genes are involved in the compact packaging of DNA into structural units called nucleosomes. Other aliases for H3 histone family members include H3F1K, H3F3A, H3FA, H3FB, H3FC, H3FD, H3FH, H3FI, H3FK, HIST1 cluster (H3A, H3B, H3C, H3D, and H3F), HIST1 cluster (H3G, H3H, H3I, and H3J), HIST1H3A, HIST1H3B, HIST1H3C, HIST1H3D, HIST1H3E, HIST1H3F, HIST1H3G, HIST1H3H, HIST1H3I, HIST1H3J, and HIST3H3. Furthermore, the histone cluster 1 H3 family includes subunits such as a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, and j. These genes participate in the formation of nucleosome structures and are collectively known as histone gene cluster 1, H3 histone family. In conclusion, the H3 histone family is a group of genes that encode histone proteins involved in DNA packaging and gene expression regulation. The genes within this family have different aliases and play crucial roles in maintaining genome stability and function. |
| Source | Rabbit |
| Specificity | Histone H3R2me2s Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Histone H3R2me2s |
| Species Reactivity | Human;Mouse |
| Antigen | Histone H3R2me2s |
| Application | WB 1:500-1:2000 IF 1:50–1:200 IP 1:50–1:200, ELISA(peptide) 1:20000-1:40000 |
| Immunogen | A synthetic methylated peptide corresponding to residues surrounding R2 of human histone H3 |
| MW | 15kDa |
| Properties | |
Concentration | 1mg/ml |
| purification | Immunogen affinity purified |
| Clonality | Polyclonal Antibody |
| Stability & Storage | Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles |
| Storage buffer | Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.Store at -20 °C.Stable for 12 months from date of receipt |
Target | |
Background | Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. |
| Tissue specificity | Expressed in testicular cells. |
| Posttranslational modification | Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on Lys-10 (H3K9ac) impairs methylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s). Acetylation on Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me). Acetylation at Lys-123 (H3K122ac) by EP300/p300 plays a central role in chromatin structure: localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability (By similarity).Citrullination at Arg-9 (H3R8ci) and/or Arg-18 (H3R17ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation and represses transcription.Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me2a) by CARM1 is linked to gene activation. Symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s) by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression. Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-3 (H3R2me2a) by PRMT6 is linked to gene repression and is mutually exclusive with H3 Lys-5 methylation (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). H3R2me2a is present at the 3' of genes regardless of their transcription state and is enriched on inactive promoters, while it is absent on active promoters (By similarity).Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me), Lys-37 (H3K36me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) are linked to gene activation. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-80 (H3K79me) is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses and is a specific target for TP53BP1. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are linked to gene repression. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) and prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at 'Lys-120'. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin. Monomethylation at Lys-57 (H3K56me1) by EHMT2/G9A in G1 phase promotes interaction with PCNA and is required for DNA replication (By similarity).Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by GSG2/haspin during prophase and dephosphorylated during anaphase. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. In addition phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph), which is linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) but facilitates acetylation of H3 and H4. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) from heterochromatin. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation. Phosphorylated at Ser-29 (H3S28ph) by MAP3K20 isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-7 (H3T6ph) by PRKCB is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. At centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) from prophase to early anaphase, by DAPK3 and PKN1. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by PKN1 is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me) by KDM4C/JMJD2C. Phosphorylation at Tyr-42 (H3Y41ph) by JAK2 promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin (By similarity).Ubiquitinated.Lysine deamination at Lys-5 (H3K4all) to form allysine is mediated by LOXL2. Allysine formation by LOXL2 only takes place on H3K4me3 and results in gene repression (By similarity). |
| Celluar localization | Extracellular region or secreted;Nucleus; |
| UniPort | Q16695 |
Western blot analysis of extracts of HeLa cellline and H3 protein expressed in E.coli., usingH3R2me2s antibody|Dot-blot analysis of all sorts of methylation peptidesusingH3R2me2s antibody|Immunofluorescence analysis of 293T cell usingH3R2me2s antibody. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.
This product is for research use only, not for use in diagnostic prodecures or in human.
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