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Rabbit Anti-Histone H3K4me2 Polyclonal Antibody#abs136454

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Description

Catalog-specification	Delivery time	USD price
abs136454-100ug	1-2 Weeks	301.0
abs136454-50ug	1-2 Weeks	201.0

Overview
catalog	abs136454
Description	The regulation of transcription in eukaryotes relies heavily on the modulation of chromatin structure. The primary unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, which consists of DNA wrapped around eight core histone proteins (two each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) (1). Post-translational modifications of the amino-terminal tails of these core histones, including acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, play a crucial role in this process (2-5). These modifications occur in response to various stimuli and directly impact the accessibility of chromatin to transcription factors, thus affecting gene expression (6). In many species, histone H2B is mainly acetylated at specific lysine residues including Lys5, 12, 15, and 20 (4,7). Histone H3, on the other hand, is predominantly acetylated at Lys9, 14, 18, 23, 27, and 56. Acetylation of H3 at Lys9 appears to be particularly important for histone deposition and chromatin assembly in certain organisms (2,3). Phosphorylation, another significant modification, occurs at Ser10, Ser28, and Thr11 of histone H3 and is closely associated with chromosome condensation during mitosis and meiosis (8-10). Thr3 phosphorylation of histone H3, catalyzed by the kinase haspin, is highly conserved across many species. Immunostaining using phospho-specific antibodies has revealed that Thr3 of H3 undergoes phosphorylation during prophase and subsequent dephosphorylation during anaphase in mammalian cells (11). By rearranging the given information, we can emphasize the crucial role played by post-translational modifications of core histones in regulating transcription through the modulation of chromatin structure.
Other names	H3.3A, also known as HIST1 cluster, H3E or H3 histone family, member A, belongs to the H3 histone family. It is closely related to H3.1, H3/l, H3F3, H3FF, H3FJ, H3FL, and other members of the H3 histone family. These histones are encoded by the HIST1 gene cluster and play important roles in DNA packaging and gene regulation. One particular variant of H3.3A is H3.1t, which has been identified as a specific type of histone H3. Another variant is H3/o, also known as FLJ92264, which is classified under the H3 histone family. H3.3A, along with its related members H3B, H3C, H3D, and H3F, form the core of the histone gene cluster 1. Other members of the H3 histone family include H3F1K, H3F3A, H3FA, H3FB, H3FC, H3FD, H3FH, H3FI, H3FK, H3A, H3B, H3C, H3D, h3/f, H3H, H3I, H3J, H3K, H3L, H3T, H31_HUMAN, H3F1K, H3F3A, and H3FA. These H3 histone family members are encoded by different genes within the histone clusters. In conclusion, the H3 histone family is comprised of various members, including H3.3A, H3B, H3C, H3D, H3E, H3F, H3G, H3H, H3I, and H3J. These histones are crucial for maintaining the structure and function of DNA in the nucleus.
Source	Rabbit
Specificity	Histone H3K4me2 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Histone H3K4me2.
Species Reactivity	Human;Mouse
Antigen	Histone H3K4me2
Application	WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF 1:50-1:200, IP 1:50-1:200, CHIP 1:50-1:200, ELISA(peptide) 1:20000-1:40000
Immunogen	A synthetic methylated peptide corresponding to residues surrounding K4 of human histone H3.
MW	15kDa
Properties
Concentration	1mg/ml
purification	The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin .
Clonality	Polyclonal Antibody
Stability & Storage	Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles
Storage buffer	Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.Store at -20 °C.Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Target
Background	Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
Tissue specificity	Expressed in testicular cells.
Posttranslational modification	Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylation on Lys-10 (H3K9ac) impairs methylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s). Acetylation on Lys-19 (H3K18ac) and Lys-24 (H3K24ac) favors methylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me). Acetylation at Lys-123 (H3K122ac) by EP300/p300 plays a central role in chromatin structure: localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability (By similarity).Citrullination at Arg-9 (H3R8ci) and/or Arg-18 (H3R17ci) by PADI4 impairs methylation and represses transcription.Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 (H3R17me2a) by CARM1 is linked to gene activation. Symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 (H3R8me2s) by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression. Asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-3 (H3R2me2a) by PRMT6 is linked to gene repression and is mutually exclusive with H3 Lys-5 methylation (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3). H3R2me2a is present at the 3' of genes regardless of their transcription state and is enriched on inactive promoters, while it is absent on active promoters (By similarity).Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me), Lys-37 (H3K36me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) are linked to gene activation. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) facilitates subsequent acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-80 (H3K79me) is associated with DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses and is a specific target for TP53BP1. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are linked to gene repression. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) and prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) and acetylation of H3 and H4. Methylation at Lys-5 (H3K4me) and Lys-80 (H3K79me) require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at 'Lys-120'. Methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) and Lys-28 (H3K27me) are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin. Monomethylation at Lys-57 (H3K56me1) by EHMT2/G9A in G1 phase promotes interaction with PCNA and is required for DNA replication (By similarity).Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by GSG2/haspin during prophase and dephosphorylated during anaphase. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression during mitosis and meiosis. In addition phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by RPS6KA4 and RPS6KA5 is important during interphase because it enables the transcription of genes following external stimulation, like mitogens, stress, growth factors or UV irradiation and result in the activation of genes, such as c-fos and c-jun. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph), which is linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 (H3K9me) but facilitates acetylation of H3 and H4. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 and CBX5) from heterochromatin. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 (H3S10ph) is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation. Phosphorylated at Ser-29 (H3S28ph) by MAP3K20 isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation. Phosphorylation at Thr-7 (H3T6ph) by PRKCB is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that prevents demethylation of Lys-5 (H3K4me) by LSD1/KDM1A. At centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) from prophase to early anaphase, by DAPK3 and PKN1. Phosphorylation at Thr-12 (H3T11ph) by PKN1 is a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation that promotes demethylation of Lys-10 (H3K9me) by KDM4C/JMJD2C. Phosphorylation at Tyr-42 (H3Y41ph) by JAK2 promotes exclusion of CBX5 (HP1 alpha) from chromatin (By similarity).Ubiquitinated.Lysine deamination at Lys-5 (H3K4all) to form allysine is mediated by LOXL2. Allysine formation by LOXL2 only takes place on H3K4me3 and results in gene repression (By similarity).
Celluar localization	Extracellular region or secreted;Nucleus;
UniPort	Q16695

Western blot analysis of extracts of HeLa cellline and H3 protein expressed in E.coli., usingH3K4me2 antibody|Dot-blot analysis of all sorts of methylation peptides using H3K4me3 antibody|Immunofluorescence analysis of 293T cell using H3K4me2antibody. Blue: DAPI for nuclear staining.

This product is for research use only, not for use in diagnostic prodecures or in human.

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