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Rabbit Anti-APEX1 Polyclonal Antibody#abs133440

Please note that the price mentioned is only for your reference. For detailed pricing information, we kindly request that you get in touch with our seller named Vecent. Thank you for your understanding. Western blot analysis of extracts from COLO205 cells and HeLa cells, using APEX1 antibody....

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Description

Catalog-specification	Delivery time	USD price
abs133440-50ug	1-2 Weeks	201.0
abs133440-100ug	1-2 Weeks	301.0

Overview
catalog	abs133440
Other names	AP endonuclease 1, also known as APEX1 or Apex nuclease 1, is a multifunctional DNA repair enzyme that plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability by repairing damaged DNA. It is a class I AP endonuclease that functions as an AP lyase, cleaving the phosphodiester bond of an AP site to generate a single-strand break in DNA. APEX1 is also involved in base excision repair (BER) and acts as a redox factor that regulates transcription factors, including the oncogenic transcription factor AP-1. The gene encoding APEX1 is located on chromosome 14q11.2 and is highly conserved across species. Mutations in APEX1 have been linked to a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular disease.
Source	Rabbit
Specificity	The APEX1 Antibody has the ability to recognize total APEX1 levels in the body's natural state. To create similar content, the original text information will be rearranged to provide an alternate version.
Species Reactivity	Human;Mouse;Rat
Antigen	APEX1
Application	The dilution ratio for Western Blot (WB) ranges from 1:500 to 1:1000, while the dilution ratio for Immunofluorescence (IF) is between 1:100 and 1:500. In the case of ELISA (peptide), the recommended dilution range is 1:20000 to 1:40000. It is important to note that this information remains unchanged.
Immunogen	A synthesized peptide.
MW	34 KD
Properties
Concentration	1mg/ml
purification	Peptide affinity chromatography was employed to purify the antiserum through SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin.
Clonality	Polyclonal Antibody
Stability & Storage	Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles
Storage buffer	Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.Store at -20 °C.Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Target
Background	Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 in DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. Functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. Does also incise at AP sites in the DNA strand of DNA/RNA hybrids, single-stranded DNA regions of R-loop structures, and single-stranded RNA molecules. Has a 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity on mismatched deoxyribonucleotides at the 3' termini of nicked or gapped DNA molecules during short-patch BER. Possesses a DNA 3' phosphodiesterase activity capable of removing lesions (such as phosphoglycolate) blocking the 3' side of DNA strand breaks. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation. Acts as a loading factor for POLB onto non-incised AP sites in DNA and stimulates the 5'-terminal deoxyribose 5'-phosphate (dRp) excision activity of POLB. Plays a role in the protection from granzymes-mediated cellular repair leading to cell death. Also involved in the DNA cleavage step of class switch recombination (CSR). On the other hand, APEX1 also exerts reversible nuclear redox activity to regulate DNA binding affinity and transcriptional activity of transcriptional factors by controlling the redox status of their DNA-binding domain, such as the FOS/JUN AP-1 complex after exposure to IR. Involved in calcium-dependent down-regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression by binding to negative calcium response elements (nCaREs). Together with HNRNPL or the dimer XRCC5/XRCC6, associates with nCaRE, acting as an activator of transcriptional repression. Stimulates the YBX1-mediated MDR1 promoter activity, when acetylated at Lys-6 and Lys-7, leading to drug resistance. Acts also as an endoribonuclease involved in the control of single-stranded RNA metabolism. Plays a role in regulating MYC mRNA turnover by preferentially cleaving in between UA and CA dinucleotides of the MYC coding region determinant (CRD). In association with NMD1, plays a role in the rRNA quality control process during cell cycle progression. Associates, together with YBX1, on the MDR1 promoter. Together with NPM1, associates with rRNA. Binds DNA and RNA.
Tissue specificity	Up-regulated in presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), like bleomycin, H2O2 and phenazine methosulfate.
Posttranslational modification	Phosphorylated. Phosphorylation by kinase PKC or casein kinase CK2 results in enhanced redox activity that stimulates binding of the FOS/JUN AP-1 complex to its cognate binding site. AP-endodeoxyribonuclease activity is not affected by CK2-mediated phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of Thr-233 by CDK5 reduces AP-endodeoxyribonuclease activity resulting in accumulation of DNA damage and contributing to neuronal death.Acetylated on Lys-6 and Lys-7. Acetylation is increased by the transcriptional coactivator EP300 acetyltransferase, genotoxic agents like H2O2 and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Acetylation increases its binding affinity to the negative calcium response element (nCaRE) DNA promoter. The acetylated form induces a stronger binding of YBX1 to the Y-box sequence in the MDR1 promoter than the unacetylated form. Deacetylated on lysines. Lys-6 and Lys-7 are deacetylated by SIRT1.Cleaved at Lys-31 by granzyme A to create the mitochondrial form; leading in reduction of binding to DNA, AP endodeoxynuclease activity, redox activation of transcription factors and to enhanced cell death. Cleaved by granzyme K; leading to intracellular ROS accumulation and enhanced cell death after oxidative stress.Cys-65 and Cys-93 are nitrosylated in response to nitric oxide (NO) and lead to the exposure of the nuclear export signal (NES).Ubiquitinated by MDM2; leading to translocation to the cytoplasm and proteasomal degradation.
Celluar localization	Cytoskeleton;Endoplasmic reticulum;Mitochondrion;Nucleus;
UniPort	P27695