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Rabbit Anti-IKBKB Polyclonal Antibody#abs136331

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Description

Catalog-specification	Delivery time	USD price
abs136331-50ug	1-2 Weeks	201.0
abs136331-100ug	1-2 Weeks	301.0

Overview
catalog	abs136331
Description	The inactive form of NF-κB/Rel transcription factors can be found in the cytosol, where they are bound to inhibitory IκB proteins (1-3). Many substances that activate NF-κB follow a common pathway that involves the phosphorylation-induced degradation of IκB through the proteasome (3-7). The crucial step in this regulatory pathway is the activation of a high molecular weight IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which mainly consists of three closely associated IKK subunits. IKKα and IKKβ function as the catalytic subunits of the kinase, while IKKγ acts as the regulatory subunit (8,9). To activate IKK, phosphorylation occurs at Ser177 and Ser181 in the activation loop of IKKβ (Ser176 and Ser180 in IKKα), leading to conformational changes that result in kinase activation (10-13).
Other names	IKK beta, also known as I kappa B kinase 2 or I-kappa-B kinase beta, is a protein kinase that plays a critical role in the regulation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. This kinase is encoded by the IKK beta gene and is a member of the IKK family of kinases. The IKK beta protein is involved in the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of I kappa B proteins, which are inhibitors of the NF-kappaB transcription factor. This process leads to the release of NF-kappaB, which can then translocate into the nucleus and induce the expression of target genes. Mutations in the IKK beta gene have been linked to several diseases, including inflammatory disorders and cancer. Inhibitors of IKK beta are being developed as potential therapeutics for these conditions. Overall, the importance of IKK beta in the NF-kappaB signaling pathway highlights the potential of this protein as a therapeutic target for various diseases.
Source	Rabbit
Specificity	The total levels of endogenous IKBKB can be detected by the IKBKB Antibody. Rearranging the content, the following highly similar statement is generated, based on the original text: The IKBKB Antibody is capable of detecting the total endogenous levels of IKBKB.
Species Reactivity	Human;Mouse;Rat;Monkey
Antigen	IKBKB
Application	The recommended dilutions for Western blotting (WB) range from 1:500 to 1:2000. For immunohistochemistry (IHC), the suggested dilutions are 1:50 to 1:200. When performing immunofluorescence (IF/ICC), it is recommended to dilute the antibodies from 1:100 to 1:500. For ELISA assays using peptides, the recommended dilutions fall between 1:20000 and 1:40000. It is important to carefully follow these dilution guidelines to ensure accurate and reliable results in your experiments.
Immunogen	A synthetic peptideof human IKBKB.
MW	81kDa
Properties
Concentration	1mg/ml
purification	The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink™ Coupling Resin .
Clonality	Polyclonal Antibody
Stability & Storage	Store at -20 °C for one year. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles
Storage buffer	Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline , pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.Store at -20 °C.Stable for 12 months from date of receipt.
Target
Background	Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on 2 critical serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus and activates the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis. In addition to the NF-kappa-B inhibitors, phosphorylates several other components of the signaling pathway including NEMO/IKBKG, NF-kappa-B subunits RELA and NFKB1, as well as IKK-related kinases TBK1 and IKBKE. IKK-related kinase phosphorylations may prevent the overproduction of inflammatory mediators since they exert a negative regulation on canonical IKKs. Phosphorylates FOXO3, mediating the TNF-dependent inactivation of this pro-apoptotic transcription factor. Also phosphorylates other substrates including NCOA3, BCL10 and IRS1. Within the nucleus, acts as an adapter protein for NFKBIA degradation in UV-induced NF-kappa-B activation.
Tissue specificity	Highly expressed in heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis and peripheral blood.
Posttranslational modification	Upon cytokine stimulation, phosphorylated on Ser-177 and Ser-181 by MEKK1 and/or MAP3K14/NIK as well as TBK1 and PRKCZ; which enhances activity. Once activated, autophosphorylates on the C-terminal serine cluster; which decreases activity and prevents prolonged activation of the inflammatory response. Phosphorylated by the IKK-related kinases TBK1 and IKBKE, which is associated with reduced CHUK/IKKA and IKBKB activity and NF-kappa-B-dependent gene transcription. Dephosphorylated at Ser-177 and Ser-181 by PPM1A and PPM1B.(Microbial infection) Acetylation of Thr-180 by Yersinia yopJ prevents phosphorylation and activation, thus blocking the I-kappa-B pathway.Ubiquitinated. Monoubiquitination involves TRIM21 that leads to inhibition of Tax-induced NF-kappa-B signaling. According to PubMed:19675099, 'Ser-163' does not serve as a monoubiquitination site. According to PubMed:16267042, ubiquitination on 'Ser-163' modulates phosphorylation on C-terminal serine residues.(Microbial infection) Monoubiquitination by TRIM21 is disrupted by Yersinia yopJ.Hydroxylated by PHD1/EGLN2, loss of hydroxylation under hypoxic conditions results in activation of NF-kappa-B.
Celluar localization	Cytosol;Nucleus;Plasma Membrane;
UniPort	O14920